Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 5: The Dragonfly

Performer: LibriVox - Jill Engle


'The Dragonfly Children and the Snapping Turtle' from Among the Pond People by Clara Dillingham Pierson

The Dragonflies have always lived near the pond. Not the same ones that are there now, of course, but the great-great-great-grandfathers of these. A person would think that, after a family had lived so long in a place, all the neighbors would be fond of them, yet it is not so. The Dragonflies may be very good people—and even the Snapping Turtle says that they are—still, they are so peculiar that many of their neighbors do not like them at all. Even when they are only larvae, or babies, they are not good playmates, for they have such a bad habit of putting everything into their mouths. Indeed, the Stickleback Father once told the little Sticklebacks that they should not stir out of the nest, unless they would promise to keep away from the young Dragonflies.

The Stickleback Mothers said that it was all the fault of the Dragonfly Mothers. "What can you expect," exclaimed one of them, "when Dragonfly eggs are so carelessly laid? I saw a Dragonfly Mother laying some only yesterday, and how do you suppose she did it? Just flew around in the sunshine and visited with her friends, and once in awhile flew low enough to touch the water and drop one in. It is disgraceful!"

The Minnow Mothers did not think it was so much in the way the eggs were laid, "although," said one, "I always lay mine close together, instead of scattering them over the whole pond." They thought the trouble came from bad bringing up or no bringing up at all. Each egg, you know, when it is laid, drops to the bottom of the pond, and the children are hatched and grow up there, and do not even see their fathers and mothers.

Now most of the larvae were turning into Nymphs, which are half-grown Dragon Flies. They had been short and plump, and now they were longer and more slender, and there were little bunches on their shoulders where the wings were growing under their skin. They had outgrown their old skins a great many times, and had to wriggle out of them to be at all comfortable. When a Dragonfly child became too big for his skin, he hooked the two sharp claws of each of his six feet firmly into something, unfastened his skin down the back, and wriggled out, leaving it to roll around in the water until it became just part of the mud.

Like most growing children, the Dragonfly larvae and Nymphs had to eat a great deal. Their stomachs were as long as their bodies, and they were never really happy unless their stomachs were full. They always ate plain food and plenty of it, and they never ate between meals. They had breakfast from the time they awakened in the morning until the sun was high in the sky, then they had dinner until the sun was low in the sky, and supper from that time until it grew dark and they went to sleep: but never a mouthful between meals, no matter how hungry they might be. They said this was their only rule about eating, and they would keep it.

They were always slow children. You would think that, with six legs apiece and three joints in each leg, they might walk quite fast, yet they never did. When they had to, they hurried in another way by taking a long leap through the water. Of course they breathed water like their neighbors, the fishes and the Tadpoles. They did not breathe it into their mouths, or through gills, but took it in through some openings in the back part of their bodies. When they wanted to hurry, they breathed this water out so suddenly that it sent them quickly ahead.

The Snapping Turtle had called them "bothering bugs" one day when he was cross (and that was the day after he had been cross, and just before the day when he was going to be cross again), and they didn't like him and wanted to get even. They all put their strange little three-cornered heads together, and there was an ugly look in their great staring eyes.

"Horrid old thing!" said one larva. "I wish I could sting him."

"Well, you can't," said a Nymph, turning towards him so suddenly that he leaped. "You haven't any sting, and you never will have, so you just keep still." It was not at all nice in her to speak that way, but she was not well brought up, you know, and that, perhaps, is a reason why one should excuse her for talking so to her little brother. She was often impatient, and said she could never go anywhere without one of the larvae tagging along.

"I tell you what let's do," said another Nymph. "Let's all go together to the shallow water where he suns himself, and let's all stand close to each other, and then, when he comes along, let's stick out our lips at him!"

"Both lips?" asked the larvae.

"Well, our lower lips anyway," answered the Nymph. "Our upper lips are so small they don't matter."

"We'll do it," exclaimed all the Dragonfly children, and they started together to walk on the pond-bottom to the shallow water. They thought it would scare the Snapping Turtle dreadfully. They knew that whenever they stuck out their lower lips at the small fishes and bugs, they swam away as fast as they could. The Giant Water-Bug (Belostoma), was the only bug who was not afraid of them when they made faces. Indeed, the lower lip of a Dragonfly child might well frighten people, for it is fastened on a long, jointed, arm-like thing, and has pincers on it with which it catches and holds its food. Most of the time, the Dragonfly child keeps the joint bent, and so holds his lip up to his face like a mask. But sometimes he straightens the joint and holds his lip out before him, and then its pincers catch hold of things. He does this when he is hungry.

When they reached the shallow water, the Dragonfly children stood close together, with the larvae in the middle and the Nymphs all around them. The Snapping Turtle was nowhere to be seen, so they had to wait. "Aren't you scared?" whispered one larva to another.

"Scared? Dah! Who's afraid," answered he.

"Oh, look!" cried a Nymph. "There go some grown-up Dragonflies over our heads. Just you wait until I change my skin once more, and then won't I have a good time! I'll dry my wings and then I'll——"

"Sh-h!" said one of the larvae. "Here comes the Snapping Turtle."

Sure enough, there he came through the shallow water, his wet back-shell partly out of it and shining in the sunlight. He came straight toward the Dragonfly children, and they were glad to see that he did not look hungry. They thought he might be going to take a nap after his dinner. Then they all stood even closer together and stuck out their lower lips at him. They thought he might run away when they did this. They felt sure that he would at least be very badly frightened.

The Snapping Turtle did not seem to see them at all. It was strange. He just waddled on and on, coming straight toward them. "Ah-h-h!" said he. "How sleepy I do feel! I will lie down in the sunshine and rest." He took a few more steps, which brought his great body right over the crowd of Dragonfly children. "I think I will draw in my head," said he (the Dragonfly children looked at each other), "and my tail (here two of the youngest larvae began to cry) and lie down." He began to draw in his legs very, very slowly, and just as his great hard lower shell touched the mud, the last larva crawled out under his tail. The Nymphs had already gotten away.

"Oh," said the Dragonfly children to each other, "Wasn't it awful!"

"Humph," said the Snapping Turtle, talking to himself—he had gotten into the way of doing that because he had so few friends—"How dreadfully they did scare me!" Then he laughed a grim Snapping Turtle laugh, and went to sleep.

    Animal Nature Study by Various Animal Nature Study by Various    

Lesson 5: The Dragonfly

Performer: LibriVox - Jill Engle

Directions

Study the lesson for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read the story.
  • Review the animal synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Learn the concepts.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Study the review questions.

Synopsis

Like fireflies, butterflies, bees, and mosquitoes, dragonflies are insects. Dragonflies can be found skimming over still ponds, flowing brooks, and rippling fields of grass. Dragonflies are among the swiftest of all winged creatures, their rapid flight enabling them to catch their prey. Dragonflies feed on wrigglers and adult mosquitoes and help keep the mosquito population down. Most dragonflies love the sun, disappearing when clouds cover the sky. Dragonflies lay their eggs in water. Nymphs hatch from the eggs, strange little creatures that look like stunted crickets with spider-like legs. In the past, people were suspicious of dragonflies, calling them the devil's darning needles, snake doctors, and snake feeders. In reality, dragonflies are harmless and beautiful, more like shimmering blue and green sprites than evil-doers.

Vocabulary

Wriggler: The larvae of mosquitoes.
Nymph: An immature form of an insect that does not change greatly as it grows, e.g., a dragonfly, mayfly, or locust.
Darning Needle: A long sewing needle with a large eye, used in mending.
Spiracle: An external respiratory opening, especially each of a number of pores on the body of an insect.
Tracheae: Each of a number of fine chitinous tubes in the body of an insect, conveying air directly to the tissues.

Concepts

Insects such as dragonflies, breathe differently than humans.

Facts about insect breathing:

  1. Insects don't have lungs.
  2. Insects don't breathe through their mouths.
  3. Insects breathe through holes in their sides called spiracles.
  4. Spiracles are found on the thorax or abdomen, and there are never more than two per segment.
  5. Spiracle holes lead to tubes called tracheae, which carry the air to all parts of the body.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Narrate the Story

  • After reading or listening to the story, narrate the story events aloud using your own words.

Activity 2: Watch the Video

  • Study the dragonfly in the video. Find its head, thorax, abdomen, wings, and legs.

Activity 3: Classify the Animal

  • Dragonflies are animals, invertebrates, arthropods, and insects.
  • Trace which categories dragonflies fit into on the classification chart.

Activity 4: Read the Poem, 'The Fountain of Youth' by James Russell Lowell

In summer-noon flushes

When all the wood hushes

Blue dragon-flies knitting

To and fro in the sun.

With sidelong jerk flitting,

Sink down on the rushes.

And, motionless sitting,

Hear it bubble and run,

Hear its low inward singing

With level wings swinging

On green tasseled rushes,

To dream in the sun.

Activity 5: Color and Label a Dragonfly   

  • Click the crayon above. Complete page 13 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Activity 6: Take a Nature Walk

Take a nature walk, locate a dragonfly or other animal to observe, gather data and notes, and use that information to create a field book entry. You may wish to take a pencil and a small notebook to jot down sketches and observations. If you can't find a dragonfly, you may sketch a different animal or make a sketch based on the video in Activity 2.

Before you take the nature walk, review:

  • The field book template you'll later complete on page 14 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'
  • The suggested list of observations below.

Behavioral observations include:

  • How does the dragonfly move?
  • How does the dragonfly eat?
  • What does the dragonfly eat?
  • How does the dragonfly sense the world?

Habitat observations include:

  • Does the dragonfly live in a forest, a field, a town, or near water?
  • In what type of climate does the dragonfly live (e.g. temperate, tropical, arid, arctic)?

Appearance observations include:

  • What colors are the wings and body?
  • How many legs does the dragonfly have?
  • How many antennae does the dragonfly have?

Activity 7: Complete a Field Book Entry   

  • Click the crayon above. After your nature walk, complete page 14 of 'Science Field Book for Second Grade.'

Review

Question 1

What type of animal are dragonflies?
1 / 4

Answer 1

Dragonflies are insects.
1 / 4

Question 2

Do dragonflies breathe through their mouths?
2 / 4

Answer 2

No, dragonflies breathe through spiracles.
2 / 4

Question 3

How are dragonflies helpful to humans?
3 / 4

Answer 3

Dragonflies feed on insect pests such as mosquitoes and their wrigglers.
3 / 4

Question 4

Are dragonflies carnivores or herbivores?
4 / 4

Answer 4

Dragonflies are carnivores, feeding on other animals.
4 / 4

  1. What type of animal are dragonflies? Dragonflies are insects.
  2. Do dragonflies breathe through their mouths? No, dragonflies breathe through spiracles.
  3. How are dragonflies helpful to humans? Dragonflies feed on insect pests such as mosquitoes and their wrigglers.
  4. Are dragonflies carnivores or herbivores? Dragonflies are carnivores, feeding on other animals.

References

  1. Comstock, Anna Botsford. Handbook of nature-study (Twenty-fourth edition). Ithaca, New York Comstock Publishing Company, Inc, 1911.